The energy saving problem of base station cell switching is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). The formulation is chosen since the problem involves sequential decision-making.
Compared to their 4G counterparts, base stations in 5G networks require massive amounts of energy to operate since 5G base stations must be more densely deployed than 4G base stations due to the fact that the high-frequency bands associated with 5G networks have reduced converge compared to the lower-frequency bands associated with 4G .
(1) Energy-saving reward: after choosing a shallower sleep strategy for a base station, the system may save more energy if a deeper sleep mode can be chosen, and in this paper, the standardized energy-saving metrics are defined as (18) R i e = E S M = 0 E S M = i E S M = 0 E S M = 3
Each base station serves UEs in three sectors (hexagonal regions) and each sector has five frequency carriers each of which corresponds to a cell. The same frequency carriers are shared for the sectors of all the base stations.
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